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![]() Learn more about how much weight you should gain during pregnancy here. ![]() These numbers are greater if you are having multiples, such as twins.If you’re affected by obesity, your target range is 11 to 20 pounds.If you’re overweight, you want to gain about 15 to 25 pounds during pregnancy.If you’re at a healthy weight, you want to gain 25 to 35 pounds during pregnancy.Gaining the right amount of weight during pregnancy can help protect your health and the health of your baby: Don’t try to stay at the same weight or lose weight during pregnancy. Talk to your provider about how much weight to gain during pregnancy. ![]() John’s wort, may cause problems during pregnancy. Some supplements, such as melatonin and St. Unlike prescription medicines, supplements are not reviewed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for safety and effectiveness. Talk to your provider about any dietary or herbal supplements you take. Be careful with dietary and herbal supplements.It’s more about creating an overall lifestyle that includes healthy eating and regular physical activity. The key to getting to a healthy weight isn’t about following the latest diet fads. Choose restaurants that offer salads and vegetables. Many restaurants have nutrition facts on their website that you can use to plan your choices ahead of time. It also has a special section just for pregnant women. There’s even an app to help you build healthy eating habits. It can help you make a healthy eating plan based on your age, weight, height and physical activity. ![]()
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Best rated christmas light projector4/16/2024 ![]() ![]() Each 5-foot string features five oversized waterproof LED bulbs that are spaced 2 inches apart from one another and securely fastened to plastic stakes for easy assembly. The Home Accents Holiday Christmas Pathway Lights' multicolored bulbs simultaneously spread cheer while illuminating a pathway for guests. Great for: Driveways, walkways, sidewalks, and gardens. Another eco-friendly option would be solar Christmas lights, which run on inexhaustible energy and are more cost-effective. They also don't produce heat and remain cool-to-the-touch, even after long lighting jobs. Taking a closer look at the actual bulbs, LED lights are more energy-efficient than standard incandescent bulbs. After choosing your desired aesthetic, you can factor in features like timers, remote control functions, and multiple colors and light options. Or you can skip the hanging altogether and opt for a projector that shines holiday patterns on your home instead. You have your choice of classic string lights, novelty lights, and winter-themed icicle lights. You'll also want bulbs with a high waterproof rating, which will come in handy during any winter storms.īulb Type: Perhaps the most exciting part of picking out Christmas lights is exploring the various bulb designs. The same goes for your bulbs make sure they're made from durable plastic or metal so they can survive accidents. Opt for Christmas lights that are fashioned from heavy-duty materials like plastic and have weatherproof coatings for added protection. Longer sets can also be used for intricate draping or wrapped designs on decks, patios, trees, and more.ĭurability: Since your lights will be on display during the winter months, you'll want to choose a set that is made to withstand the elements. The larger the area, the longer string lights you'll want. Outdoor Christmas lights come in all sizes, ranging from 18 feet to 100 feet for standard homes. Length: In order to guarantee a stunning Christmas light display, you have to pay close attention to the measurements of the space you're decorating and the string lights you've chosen. While picking out Christmas lights is a fairly simple task, there are several details that should be taken into consideration to ensure they both shine bright and last through the holiday season. Things to Consider When Shopping for Outdoor String Lights Best Decorative: Funiao Christmas Curtain Hanging Christmas Tree Light.Easiest to Hang: Noma C9 LED Quick Clip Christmas Lights.Best Pathway Lights: Home Accents Holiday Christmas Pathway Lights.Best Solar-Powered: The Holiday Aisle Fairy 100 Light Solar String Lights. ![]()
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The best crosshair in valorant4/16/2024 ![]() ![]() He is a 23-year-old Korean and another representative from Asia. Code For cauanzin: 0 P h 0 0l 3 0o 2 0a 1 0f 0 1b 0.Though he is a young player, cauanzin has made a mark on the bigger esports stage. He is also a member of the LOUD team and is a professional player. Remember that this is just the beginning of his remarkable career.Ĭode for Derke: 0 s 1 P u FFA500FF o 1 d 1 f 0 s 0 0b 0 1t 0 1l 1 1o 0 1a 1 1m 0 1f 0 S o 1 Crosshair cauanzin In his short career, the young, talented player has added multiple victories at several tournaments, including the VCT 2023: LOCK//IN São Paulo and VCT 2023: Masters Tokyo. He is the Finnish player who has gained immense popularity, being Valorant’s best player. Code For Aspas: 0 P c 5 o 1 d 1 z 3 f 0 0b 0 1b 0.He is a young, talented player who has participated several times in the championship and secured the victory in 2022 as a LOUD team member. Code For Jinggg: 0 s 1 P c 5 h 0 0l 4 0o 0 0a 1 0f 0 1b 0 S c 5 s 0 o 1Ĭalling Aspas one of the best players of Valorant in the world will not be wrong.Also, Jinggg’s efforts for his team’s progress are worth noting. ![]() ![]() They did not win the championship in 2023, but the contribution of this Asian player was tremendous. Jinggg is a professional player who belongs to Paper Rex. Code For Shao: 0 P c 7 t 2 o 1 d 1 z 3 a 0 f 0 0t 10 0l 2 0o 2 0a 1 0f 0 1b 0.Though he has not won the champion title yet, his performance at VCT 2022: Stage 2 Masters was remarkable and appreciable. He plays for Natus Vincere and has become one of the major team members in a short time. Code For Boostio: 0 P o 0 0b 0 1t 6 1l 1 1o 3 1a 1 1m 0 1f 0.But it is just a glimpse of all Boostio’s achievements. His talent was key to securing his title for the Evil Geniuses team. Code For Leo: 0 s 1 P h 0 0l 3 0v 4 0o 0 0a 1 0f 0 1b 0 S c 0 s 0.64īoostio is an American player who is also the champion of Worlds 2023.Though his crosshair differs from others, his crosshair is considered perfect. He also won VCT 2023: Masters Tokyo, where he secured fourth place at the Valorant Champions 2023. He became one of the top players just at the age of 19. Valorant players are familiar with Leo, who is the pro player of this game. So, look over the codes, pick one for yourself, and unleash your inner beast! Crosshair Leo Therefore, to help you decide the best crosshair code, we have compiled the top Valorant crosshair codes that pro gamers such as Aspas, Leo, and Shao use. The crosshair customization options available in Valorant are overwhelming for many players. So, instead of fussing with the settings, pick up the code used by your favorite player and start improving your game! Best Valorant Crosshair Codes Used We have put the favourite Valorant crosshair codes pros to use for your ease. But, with endless settings available, selecting the best Valorant crosshair codes that match your play style and skill level is difficult. In games like Valorant, finding the best crosshair codes is always a good idea, especially in 2024. ![]()
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Webp image convert to gif4/16/2024 ![]() ![]() To select a specific application to open the file, utilize right-click, and select "Open with" to make your selection. Simply double-clicking the JPG file will usually result in its opening in your default image viewer, image editor, or web browser. If you need even better compression, you can convert JPG to WebP, which is a newer and more compressible file format.Īlmost all image-viewer programs and applications recognize and can open JPG files. You can use our compress JPEG tool to reduce the file size by up to 80%! As such, the relatively small size of JPG files makes them excellent for transporting over the Internet and using on websites. The considerable compression that JPG offers is the reason for its wide use. JPG (Joint Photographic Experts Group), is a universal file format that utilizes an algorithm to compress photographs and graphics. On macOS, use Adobe image viewers and editors, including Adobe Illustrator. On Windows, open GIFs with Microsoft Photos, Adobe Photoshop Elements, Roxio Creator NXT Pro, and others. To open a GIF for the purposes of editing it, use an application such as Adobe Photoshop. GIFs open easily on almost all image-viewer applications, web browsers, and operating systems. Furthermore, GIF opens on Apple’s mobile devices, including iPhone and iPad, which makes it more popular than Adobe Flash. How to open a GIF file?Īlmost all web browsers support GIF, which gives it a distinct advantage over other image formats, such as PNG. The most common use of GIF is in animated form as advertisements, emotion-based replies on social media, and memes, which often go viral on the Internet. Unlike the uncompressed BMP file format, GIF uses lossless compression and supports animation without audio. Upload file size limit for GIFs and other images increased to 50MB.Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) is a type of bitmap file format that relies on pixels to form simple images using the RGB color model. We added dark mode to, it's automatically selected based on your browser settings. support for a few less common video file formats e.g.more FPS options for the video to GIF (apng/webp/avif) converter.option to manually select files in a specific order for upload to the GIF maker.I made a few users suggested updates to the site: SVG to PNG converter now supports setting the fill color for files that support dynamically changing the color based on currentColor variable (e.g., most icons). Today I added APNG support to the animation speed and overlay tools, and fixed an APNG bug in the censor tool. introduced an option to view file metadata.improved drag-and-drop support in upload forms.You can now create, convert, and edit animated JXL files using most of the ezgif tools.įollowing requests by some users, from now on output files saved from will be named starting with the original filename. Support for the JPEG XL (.jxl) file format has been added. Now you can upload images to ezgif directly from clipboard by pressing Ctrl/Command+v in any of the tool pages. Added a drop down menu under the uploaded image to allow access to less commonly used tools.Added Telegram sticker to animated GIF converter.Created a dedicated and improved tool for background removal.Additionally, some of the FLIF tools have been broken for a while, and I don't feel it would be worth the effort to fix them. Development of this format appears to have been abandoned for several years, and it never achieved widespread adoption. Support for the FLIF image format has been removed. Improved support for animated WebP files with transparent backgrounds. ![]() The maximum image resolution in the GIF maker and resizer tools has been increased from 1200x1200px to 1920x1920px to allow for the creation of Full HD (FHD) GIFs.Īdded WebP to WebM and APNG to WebM converters. We have doubled the maximum upload file size! Now you can upload GIFs and other files up to 200MB. Added PNG to SVG and JPG to SVG converters using autotrace and vtracer tools. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Templates just for you! Check them out below. We compiled some of our favorite Excel tracking and project management For each task, identify who is responsible, required actions, and deadlines. Moreover, implementing the use of specific templates for particular tasks or functions in the organization will help standardize the project management process.Ī wide assortment of pre-made templates for all sorts of project management tasks can be found and accessed online, mostly for free! Whether you’re managing a small team or an entire department, the ease and convenience of using Excel templates will make project management a bit less tedious. This event plan template includes areas where you can list strategic elements such as objectives, target audience, and messaging as well as logistical details such as catering, programming, and audio-visual requirements. Using templates eliminate the need to produce charts and registers ad-hoc, which improves office efficiency. What a dull way to waste time, huh?Įvery project manager should have an arsenal of curated project management excel templates that may be utilized for assignments of varying scopes and sizes. But imagine if you have to create these documents – and many others – from scratch. A post-project review outlines all lessons learned and archives any project documents.Project plans, timelines, and Gantt charts are but few of the many tracking and planning records that the project management team needs to oversee a project successfully. The team may use a project punch list to identify and complete any tasks that didn’t get completed during the original project. The final phase of a construction project is project closeout, where the team completes any outstanding contractual obligations. The owner or key stakeholder in the project can then occupy the space and decide whether or not the project meets the expectations that were outlined in the original contract. ![]() This is the perfect tool for tracking and managing projects across customizable timelines. ![]() Once construction is complete, the team must commission the project by testing all new systems and equipment, and training personnel to use the updates appropriately. Download Project Planning Checklist Template Microsoft Excel Microsoft Word List tasks, track start and end dates, and audit at-risk tasks with this easy-to-use project planning checklist template. The team must get ready for construction by setting up storage facilities, securing the site, and developing a handling and safety plan. The construction phase comes after the planning process and kickoff meeting are complete. Analyze project risks and identify specific mitigation plans for any potential risks.Īfter all of these variables and project details have been established, hold a kickoff meeting to communicate the construction project plan to all involved team members and key stakeholders.Īt this time, the procurement phase can begin where the project team obtains all necessary equipment, materials, and resources needed to complete the project. Create a schedule for the project and identify cost baselines that should be hit at each part of the project timeline. Define roles and responsibilities for each phase of the project, and assign specific tasks.ĭevelop a clear project scope and baselines to assess your project plan for success. What Are the Key Steps in Managing a Construction Project?įirst, create a comprehensive project plan. ![]() Make sure to track your estimates to ensure that your construction project is hitting under or on budget during every phase of the project. This will ensure that the project is profitable and comes in under budget. This will give you a baseline understanding of what it will cost you to complete the project.įrom there, apply a markup to your costs that will yield profits after any expenses. To accurately estimate your construction costs, you must first determine specific aspects of your construction project, like schedule based unit prices, assembly based unit prices, and labor costs. How Do You Calculate or Estimate Construction Costs? Getting started with the Smartsheet API To make it easier for you, we’ve compiled a whole collection of free PowerPoint and Excel project management templates that you can use to create plans, organize tasks, and track overall progress visually.ENGAGE Smartsheet ENGAGE brings together our global customers, experts, and partners to share their experiences, ideas, and best practices.Smartsheet events Your hub for Smartsheet events, webinars, Q&As, and user groups.Partners Learn about the Smartsheet partner program and access our partner directory.Community Explore user-generated content and stay updated on our latest product features.Help and Learning A comprehensive knowledge base, including articles, tutorials, videos, and other resources that cover a range of topics related to using Smartsheet.Content Center Articles and guides about project management, collaboration, automation, and other topics to help you make the most of the Smartsheet platform. ![]()
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Rfactor 2 track list4/16/2024 ![]() In-Game Server Hosting – Your Race, Your Rules: Utilise the weekly practice leaderboards to sharpen your skills and prepare for the grand stage. Step into the spotlight with our Special Events, scheduled extravaganzas that promise more intensity and even greater impacts on your Safety and Driver Ranks. *keep reading for info on how to claim your FREE BMW M2 CS The beginner races will only use FREE content* so there’s no excuse not to give it a go □ Daily Races – regularly occurring dopamine hits! These races are designed to be easier on your driver rank, allowing you to focus on the thrill of jumping into regular rFactor 2 races. Kick off at bronze and chase down that platinum status as you overtake opponents and conquer the leaderboards.ĭaily Races – Your Daily Dose of Adrenaline:įuel your racing addiction with events firing off every 1, 2, or 3 hours, tailored to suit every level of ambition, from beginner to advanced. Driver Rank: Your speed and skill could see you outpacing the competition.Start with a bronze badge and ascend to platinum by showcasing your sportsmanship on the track. Safety Rank: Your commitment to clean racing earns you marks of distinction.Let’s recap what’s in store for you on the track. Packed RRSHD & CBASH for improved loading times.Race enthusiasts, the moment has arrived! Today, we’re shifting gears from our “release candidate” phase to the much-anticipated full release of rFactor 2’s latest features.Minor foliage & terrain material tweaks.Fixed Flag being rendered without poles.Fixed minor verge issue near paddock exit.Fixed distance marker texture brightness.Improved AI behaviour on all layouts, including pit entry behaviour.Key headlines for this new build is the introduction of further AI tweaks for a better offline racing experience, the addition of CBASH and RRSHD shaders for faster loading times, and various graphical improvements to further uplift the visual experience on track – amongst other, smaller tweaks as can be seen in the update notes below. Lime Rock Park | Steam Workshop: CLICK HEREĪ firm fan favourite amongst rFactor 2 players, and a track that benefitted from a significant PBR update refresh as recently as May last year, Lime Rock Park in the USA again comes under the microscope of the track team here at Studio 397 for this latest update release. Removed Full Course Yellow settings from GDB files. ![]() Optimization of RaceSurfaces for possible performance gains.Optimized track side RVs with reduced poly count.Fixed some issues with safety vehicles.Improved Oval AI pit entry, prevent from brushing wall at T2 & T4, fixed occasional braking over Start Finish line and reduced chance of passing on yellow line during turns.In this new version 1.15 update, our track team have worked on both the Road Course and oval layout configurations, including a further performance pass to improve framerates, multiple fixes to AI behaviour on the oval and road course configurations, and other, smaller fixes and tweaks. Our most recent track release for rFactor 2 benefits from some minor quality of life improvements identified over the first few weeks of release. RFactor 2 Steam Store | Steam Store: CLICK HERE Having taken the last few weeks to review community feedback on a number of our current tracks, the Studio 397 track team have taken the opportunity to revisit some of these popular venues from within rFactor 2 to address a number of outstanding issues and bring forward planned improvements, as we continue to actively try to balance our resources between upgrading existing releases, and developing new and exciting pieces of content for our community to enjoy.Īlthough we are scheduled to deploy our next, new content drop in May, we couldn’t resist taking the opportunity to get these updates out into the hands of the public, with all changes now available within the respective workshop or store items. The rFactor 2 development team are pleased to release a collection of updates and improvements to some of our key free and paid tracks within rFactor 2 – introducing a number of quality of life improvements to these circuits outside our standard quarterly release cycle schedule. ![]()
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Bmi calculator women goal4/16/2024 ![]() ![]() Healthcare providers calculate BMI by using weight in kilograms (kg) divided by the square of height in meters (m2). Note, however, that BMI alone is not enough to make a diagnosis of anorexia and is solely a possible indicator. Body mass index (BMI) is a medical screening tool that measures the ratio of your height to your weight to estimate the amount of body fat you have. ![]() A BMI below 13.5 can lead to organ failure, while a BMI below 12 can be life-threatening. There are also different tiers of anorexia based on BMI ranging from mild (<17.5), moderate (16-16.99), and severe (15-15.99), to extreme (<15). That being said, a BMI below 17.5 in adults is one of the common physical characteristics used to diagnose anorexia. Physical exams, mental health assessments, blood tests, as well as standardized indexes like the body mass index (BMI) are typically used to diagnose anorexia nervosa.Īs previously mentioned, the diagnosis of anorexia often requires multiple approaches, one of which is provided by the BMI Calculator. There is no single test that can be used to diagnose anorexia, and it is often present in conjunction with other mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Individuals with anorexia tend to control body weight through methods such as voluntary starvation, excessive exercise, or other weight control measures, including the use of diet pills or diuretics. ![]() It is used for both men and women, age 20 or older. This is the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended body weight based on BMI values for adults. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The disorder primarily affects adolescent females (aged 16-26) and is far less prevalent in males – only approximately 10% of those diagnosed with anorexia are male. Refer to the table below to see the different categories based on BMI that are used by the calculator. AMA Adopts New Policy Clarifying Role of BMI as a Measure in Medicine. Some other gauges of progress or starting points to use alongside this BMI calculator can be to see how your clothes are fitting, body measurements, or even just how your energy levels are.Home / fitness & health / anorexic bmi calculator Anorexic BMI CalculatorĪnorexia nervosa, commonly referred to as anorexia, is an eating disorder characterized by low body weight, a distortion of the perception of body image, and an obsessive fear of gaining weight. There are all different body types, and this can also be taken into consideration when putting the pieces together on a goal weight that works best for you. Sometimes the calculations may not represent the individual and their wellness as a whole, such as a bodybuilder who has a larger weight due to muscle mass but low body fat who may score in an unhealthy higher category for his height and age. While BMI is just one indicator of your health, it doesn’t always represent the entire picture. This BMI chart can help identify where you may fall as far as your body weight, and be an extra level of motivation for any changes you may want to make towards a goal weight! A normal healthy BMI range will fall between 18.5 to 24.9 for both men and women, with an underweight range being under 18.5, overweight as 25 to 29, and a calculation over 30 would be considered in the obese category. If your BMI is between 25-35 kg/m 2, your goal for waist circumference is less than 40 inches if youre an adult man and less than 35 inches if youre a non-pregnant woman. The exact BMI formula in metric units would be weight (kg) ÷ height 2 (meters), and in US units, (weight (lb) ÷ height2) * 703 (inches).Īs far as the calculations themselves and what their number results mean, each will fall into a bracket of a health categorization. The calculator needs height and weight as the input and provides estimated BMI range. If you’re pregnant with triplets or more, talk to your health care provider about your weight gain goals. The free online tool women BMI calculator, which is very helpful for women, who wants to calculate BMI. So with BMI being such a common measurement to use when it comes to a person’s health, how is it calculated and what’s the big deal with the numbers? Let’s dive into this a little further! The Body Mass Index formula involves a few factors of information to get your result, and these will include inputting your gender, age, height, and weight, which will then calculate your current BMI. These are the World Health Organization guidelines for the body mass index for women: < 18 underweight. Healthy Weight Gain During Pregnancy from the Institute of Medicine. ![]()
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![]() zip Torrent DownloadsĪdobe Photoshop 2022 23.4.1.547 圆4 incl Crack.torrentĪdobe Photoshop 2022 23.4.2 U2B MacOSX. If this is your first time installing a Creative Cloud app, Creative Cloud app, the Creative Cloud desktop app is installed as well. Download Adobe Photoshop 2022 Download Links of Adobe Photoshop 2022 incl CrackĪdobe Photoshop 2022 23.4.1.547 圆4 incl Crack.zipĪdobe Photoshop 2022 23.4.2 U2B MacOSX. Installing for the first time or on a new device Click Get Photoshop on the desktop below to begin downloading.Follow the onscreen instructions to sign-in and install. Install software (pre-cracked) by following instructions or read “How to Install.txt”.ģ. Extract archive with the help of WinRAR crack.)Ģ. This is not a complete list of new features.ġ. Standalone, complete installers for the CC Desktop app, for Adobe Camera Raw, and for Acrobat DC Pro/Standard are already publicly available but to date, Adobe has not posted the rest of the Creative Cloud 2021 direct download links. Also worth mentioning are improved 3D effects and system font smoothing. New 2021 Direct Download Links Now Available. Camera Image Stabilization analyzes the motion path and restores sharpness. This version of Photoshop has many new features, such as Smart Sharpness, which will emphasize details. In Adobe Photoshop 2023 developers paid attention not to new features, and redevelopment of existing ones, significantly correcting some of them. ![]() ![]() In full news, you can download its latest and updated version from the downloading link given hereunder including its torrent link is also listed there. Adobe Photoshop CC 2023 24.3.0.376 Crack Full Version For Windows & MacOS. Learn how to uninstall or remove Creative Cloud apps. The Creative Cloud desktop app can only be uninstalled if all Creative Cloud apps (such as Photoshop, Illustrator, and Premiere Pro) have already been uninstalled. Adobe Photoshop full version is one of the best raster graphics editors that can work with a huge number of graphic formats, with its help you can easily create not only new images of amazing quality, but also edit ready-made ones. Ensure that you uninstall all Creative Cloud apps from your device. Adobe Photoshop 2022 23.4.1.547 incl Crack Īdobe Photoshop 2022is a new version of Adobe Photoshop series, which is part of Creative Cloud. ![]()
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Hard disk sentinel full crack4/15/2024 ![]() ![]() Partition Saving 4.00: A tool to backup/restore partitions (SavePart.exe) (Windows/Dos Freeware).Partition Image: PartImage 0.6.9: Supported filesystem includes Ext2, Ext3, Reiserfs, HFS, HPFS, JFS, Xfs, UFS, Fat16, Fat32 and NTFS (Linux Freeware).ODIN 0.3.4: Open Disk Imager in a Nutshell is similar to Drive Snapshot which supports backing up windows while you are using it (Windows Freeware).Macrium Reflect : Create complete backups of your disk partitions, including operating system, installed programs and all your settings (Windows Freeware).InfraRecorder 0.53: An Open source CD/DVD burning software, also create/burn. ![]() ImgBurn 2.5.7.0: Lightweight CD/DVD/HD DVD/Blu-ray burning application, supports BIN, CUE, DI, DVD, GI, IMG, ISO, MDS, NRG and PDI, Ability to build DVD/HD/BD Video discs from a VIDEO_TS/HVDVD_TS/BDAV/BDMV folder, Unicode folder/file names (formerly DVD Decrypter) (Windows Freeware).Image For Windows 2.75: Backup and restore utility that creates a snapshot of a selected partition or volume, and saves it to disk, or burns it directly to most DVD+RW+R-R-RW or CD-R/RW drives (Windows Shareware).Image For Dos 2.75: Quickly, easily, and reliably create a complete image backup of all the data located on your hard drive, backups made to CD/DVD/BD are bootable (Dos Shareware).GImageX 2.0.17: ImageX is used to backup/restore WIM images for Windows XP/Vista and Windows 7 (Windows Freeware).G4L Ghost 4 Linux 0.34a: A hard disk and partition imaging and cloning tool similar to Norton Ghost (Linux Freeware).FastCopy 2.11: The Fastest Copy/Delete Software on Windows (Windows Freeware).Drive SnapShot 1.40: Creates an exact Disk Image of your system into a file while windows is running (Windows Shareware).DriveImage XML 2.42: Backup any drive/partition to an image file, even if the drive is currently in use, a very good freeware alternative to Ghost / Acronis (Windows Freeware).DiskImage 1.6: Creates and writes disk images files to hard and floppy disks (Windows Freeware).CopyWipe 1.14: Copy old hard drive to a new hard drive by copying the entire contents of one drive to another, CopyWipe can also help prevent confidential or private data from being recovered, by securely wiping the contents of a drive (Windows/Dos Freeware).COPYR.DMA Build013: A Tool for making copies of hard disks with bad sectors (Dos Freeware).CloneDisk 1.9.6: All in one tool for MBR, Partition, Disk, VMWare Disk images vmdk/vmx/vhd, and much more (Windows Freeware).TDSSKiller 2.8.13: Remove malware belonging to the family aka Tidserv, TDSServ and Alureon (Windows Freeware).SuperAntispyware: Remove Adware, Malware, Parasites, Rootkits, Spyware, Trojan, and Worms (downloadable) (Windows Freeware).Spybot: Search & Destroy 1.6.2 (18-10-2012): Application to scan for spyware, adware, hijackers and other malicious software (Windows Freeware).RootkitRevealer 1.7.1: Rootkit Revealer is an advanced patent-pending root kit detection utility (Windows Freeware).Remove Fake Antivirus 1.82: Tool to remove virus/malware which disguises itself to be an antivirus and produces fake alert/warnings and urge you to purchase a useless copy of the fake antivirus (Windows Freeware).Malwarebytes Anti-Malware 1.51.1 (18-10-2012): Anti-malware application that can thoroughly remove even the most advanced malware (Windows Freeware).GMER 1.0.15: Hidden services, hidden registry, hidden file scanner, Rootkit Detector and Remover (Windows Freeware).Dr.Web CureIt! Antivirus: Free standalone anti-virus and anti-spyware on-demand scanner (downloadable) (Windows Freeware).ComboFix (18-10-2012): Designed to cleanup malware infections and restore settings modified by malware (Windows Freeware). ![]()
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Diffraction of sound example4/15/2024 ![]() The ray bends toward the perpendicular, since the wavelets have a lower speed in the second medium. ![]() Huygens’s principle applied to a straight wavefront traveling from one medium to another where its speed is less. Snell’s law can be derived from the geometry in Figure 4, but this is left as an exercise for ambitious readers. This explains why a ray changes direction to become closer to the perpendicular when light slows down. Since the speed of light is smaller in the second medium, the waves do not travel as far in a given time, and the new wavefront changes direction as shown. Each wavelet in the figure was emitted when the wavefront crossed the interface between the media. The law of refraction can be explained by applying Huygens’s principle to a wavefront passing from one medium to another (see Figure 4). The direction of propagation is perpendicular to the wavefront, as shown by the downward-pointing arrows. The tangent to these wavelets shows that the new wavefront has been reflected at an angle equal to the incident angle. ![]() The wavelets shown were emitted as each point on the wavefront struck the mirror. Huygens’s principle applied to a straight wavefront striking a mirror. The wavelets closer to the left have had time to travel farther, producing a wavefront traveling in the direction shown. As the wavefront strikes the mirror, wavelets are first emitted from the left part of the mirror and then the right. The new wavefront is a line tangent to the wavelets.įigure 3 shows how a mirror reflects an incoming wave at an angle equal to the incident angle, verifying the law of reflection. Each point on the wavefront emits a semicircular wavelet that moves a distance s = vt. Huygens’s principle applied to a straight wavefront. In addition, we will see that Huygens’s principle tells us how and where light rays interfere. We will find it useful not only in describing how light waves propagate, but also in explaining the laws of reflection and refraction. Huygens’s principle works for all types of waves, including water waves, sound waves, and light waves. The new wavefront is a line tangent to the wavelets and is where we would expect the wave to be a time t later. These are drawn at a time t later, so that they have moved a distance s = vt. Each point on the wavefront emits a semicircular wave that moves at the propagation speed v. A wavefront is the long edge that moves, for example, the crest or the trough. The new wavefront is a line tangent to all of the wavelets.įigure 2 shows how Huygens’s principle is applied. ![]() Starting from some known position, Huygens’s principle states that:Įvery point on a wavefront is a source of wavelets that spread out in the forward direction at the same speed as the wave itself. The Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695) developed a useful technique for determining in detail how and where waves propagate. The direction of propagation is perpendicular to the wavefronts (or wave crests) and is represented by an arrow like a ray. A transverse wave, such as an electromagnetic wave like light, as viewed from above and from the side. The view from above is perhaps the most useful in developing concepts about wave optics. The side view would be a graph of the electric or magnetic field. From above, we view the wavefronts (or wave crests) as we would by looking down on the ocean waves. ![]() A light wave can be imagined to propagate like this, although we do not actually see it wiggling through space. Discuss the propagation of transverse waves.įigure 1 shows how a transverse wave looks as viewed from above and from the side. ![]() |